A clinical question needs to be directly relevant to the patient or problem at hand and phrased in such a way as to facilitate the search for an answer. PICO makes this process easier. It helps formulate the search strategy by identifying the key concepts that need to be in the article that can answer the question.
PICO or PICOTT:
(P)ATIENT OR PROBLEM
How would you describe a group of patients similar to yours? What are the most important characteristics of the patient?
(I)NTERVENTION, EXPOSURE, PROGNOSTIC FACTOR
What main intervention, exposure, or prognostic factor are you considering? What do you want to do with this patient?
(C)OMPARISON
What is the main alternative being considered, if any?
(O)UTCOME
What are you trying to accomplish, measure, improve or affect?
(T)ype of Question
Therapy / Diagnosis / Harm / Prognosis / Prevention
(T)ype of Study
Systematic review / RCT / cohort study / case-control
Richardson, WS. et al. ACP Journal Club, v123:A12, Nov-Dec, 1995.